Category: At-Tawbah

[This is a declaration of] disassociation, from Allah and His Messenger, to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists.
Meaning:-
Treaty: any agreement, contract, covenant.
Polytheists: belief in more than one god or in many gods

So travel freely, [O disbelievers], throughout the land [during] four months but know that you cannot cause failure to Allah and that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.
Meaning:-
Disgrace: loss of reputation or respect, especially as the result of a dishonorable action.

This is a public proclamation from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the day of the Great Hajj (Pilgrimage) that Allah and His Messenger do hereby dissolve treaty obligations with the disbelievers. Therefore, if you repent, it will be better for you but if you turn away, then you should know that you cannot frustrate the Will of Allah. O Prophet, proclaim a painful punishment to those who are unbelievers.
Meaning:-
Proclaim: declare officially, announce officially or publicly.
Treaty: any agreement, contract, covenant.

Excepted are those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists and then they have not been deficient toward you in anything or supported anyone against you; so complete for them their treaty until their term [has ended]. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous [who fear Him].
Meaning:-
Treaty: any agreement, contract, covenant,
Polytheists: belief in more than one god or in many gods
Deficient: not having enough of a specified quality
Righteous: (of a person or conduct) morally right or justifiable; virtuous, very good; excellent.

And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
Meaning:-
Sacred Months: i.e. the 1st, the 7th, the 11th and the 12th months of the Islamic calendar).
Polytheists: belief in more than one god or in many gods
Besiege: surround (a place) with armed forces in order to capture it or force its surrender; lay siege to.
Ambush: those who attack suddenly and unexpectedly from a concealed position.
zakah (Arabic): Charity, a tax, comprising percentages of personal income of every kind, levied as almsgiving for the relief of the poor

If anyone from the polytheists ask you for asylum, grant it to him so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and then escort him to his place of safety: this should be done because these people do not know the truth.
Meaning:-
Polytheists: belief in more than one god or in many gods
Asylum: protection or safety, as a political refugee
Escort: protection, safeguard, or guidance on a journey:

How can there be for the polytheists a treaty in the sight of Allah and with His Messenger, except for those with whom you made a treaty at al-Masjid al-Haram? So as long as they are upright toward you, be upright toward them. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous [who fear Him].
Meaning:-
Polytheists: belief in more than one god or in many gods
Treaty: any agreement, contract, covenant,
Righteous: (of a person or conduct) morally right or justifiable; virtuous, very good; excellent.

How can you trust them? If they prevail against you, they respect neither treaty nor ties of relationship. They just flatter you with their tongues, but their hearts reject you, and most of them are transgressors.
Meaning:-
Prevail: prove more powerful than opposing forces; be victorious.
Treaty: agreement, contract, covenant,
Flatter: to praise someone in order to make them feel attractive or important.
Transgressors: a person who is actually breaking the law, offend; sin.

They have sold the revelations of Allah for paltry worldly gain and they have hindered others from His way; indeed evil are the deeds that they have done.
Meaning:-
Paltry: very small; not very good, important, or valuable. utterly worthless.
Hinder: to prevent from doing, acting, or happening; stop, to cause delay, interruption

They do not pay regard to ties of relationship nor those of covenant in the case of a believer; and these are they who go beyond the limits.
Meaning:-
Covenant: contract, agreement, promise,

But if they repent, perform prayer, and pay alms-tax (zakah,), then they are your brothers in faith. This is how We make the revelations clear for people of knowledge.
Meaning:-
Repent: feel or express sincere regret, to feel sorry for something you’ve done.
Zakah (Arabic): Charity, a tax, comprising percentages of personal income of every kind, levied as almsgiving for the relief of the poor

But if they violate their treaty once they have sworn it and insult your religion, then fight with the leaders of disbelief – for their oaths are nothing to them – so that they may be stopped.
Meaning:-
Violate: to disregard, fail to respect, to do something that is not allowed by (a law, rule, etc.)
Treaty: agreement, contract, covenant,

Will you not fight those who have broken their oaths, conspired to expel the Messenger ˹from Mecca˺, and attacked you first? Do you fear them? Allah is more deserving of your fear, if you are ˹true˺ believers.
Meaning:-
conspired: make secret plans jointly to commit an unlawful or harmful act, to do something wrong, evil, or illegal
expel: force (someone) to leave a place.

Fight them; Allah will punish them by your hands and will disgrace them and give you victory over them and satisfy the breasts of a believing people
Meaning:-
Disgrace: dishonor, shame, disrespect, degrade

And remove the fury in the believers’ hearts. And Allah turns in forgiveness to whom He wills; and Allah is Knowing and Wise.
Meaning:-
Fury: extreme anger, wild or violent anger.

Do you ˹believers˺ think that you will be left without Allah proving who among you ˹truly˺ struggles ˹in His cause˺ and never takes trusted allies other than Allah, His Messenger, or the believers? And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.
Meaning:-
Proving: to establish the truth or genuineness of.
Allies: supporter.

It is not for the polytheists to maintain the mosques of Allah [while] witnessing against themselves with disbelief. [For] those, their deeds have become worthless, and in the Fire they will abide eternally.
Meaning:-
Polytheists: belief in more than one god or in many gods
Abide: to remain; continue; stay:
Eternally: without beginning or end; lasting forever

The mosques of Allah are only to be maintained by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakah and do not fear except Allah , for it is expected that those will be of the [rightly] guided.
Meaning:-
zakah (Arabic): Charity, a tax, comprising percentages of personal income of every kind, levied as almsgiving for the relief of the poor

Have you made those who provide water to the pilgrims and maintain the Masjid-al-Haram equal to those who believe in Allah, the Last Day and make Jihad (striving in the cause of Allah)? They are not equal in the sight of Allah, and Allah does not guide the wrongdoers.
Meaning:-
Jihad (Arabic): struggling, striving (striving means: make great efforts to achieve or obtain something).
wrongdoer: a person who behaves illegally or dishonestly; an offender.

Those who believe (embrace Islam), leave their homes (migrate), and make Jihad with their wealth and persons in the cause of Allah, have higher rank in the sight of Allah. It is they who will be truly successful.
Meaning:-
Jihad (Arabic): struggling, striving (striving means: make great efforts to achieve or obtain something).

Their Lord gives them good news of His mercy, His good pleasure, and paradise with everlasting bliss.
Meaning:-
Bliss: perfect happiness; great joy.

[They will be] abiding therein forever. Indeed, Allah has with Him a great reward.
Meaning:-
Abiding: continuing without change; enduring; steadfast

O believers! Do not take your fathers and your brothers as your friends if they prefer Kufr (unbelief) over Iman (belief); for those who turn away from this commandment shall be considered wrongdoers.
Meaning:-
Kufr (Arabic): disbelief, not believing in Allah.
Iman (Arabic): faith, belief.
wrongdoer: a person who behaves illegally or dishonestly; an offender.

O Prophet, tell them: If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your spouses, your relatives, the wealth that you have acquired, the business in which you fear a loss, and the homes which you like are dearer to you than Allah, His Messenger, and making Jihad (struggle) in His Way, then wait until Allah brings about His decision. Allah does not guide the transgressors.
Meaning:-
Transgressors: a person who is actually breaking the law, offend; sin.

Allah has indeed helped you in many battlefields and (recently) on the day of Hunain: when you were proud of your great numbers (the Muslim army was 12,000 strong and the unbelievers were only 4,000), but the numbers availed you nothing. The earth, with all its vastness, seemed to close in upon you, and you turned your backs and fled.
Meaning:-
Hunayn:The Battle of Hunayn was fought between Muhammad and his followers against the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin and its subsection the Thaqif in 630 in a valley on one of the roads leading from Mecca to al-Ta’if. The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims, who captured enormous spoils.
Vastness: the quality of being extremely big
flee: run away from a place or situation of danger, escape quickly from dangerous situation or place.

Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers and sent down soldiers angels whom you did not see and punished those who disbelieved. And that is the recompense of the disbelievers.
Meaning:-
Tranquility: calmness; peacefulness; quiet; serenity.

Then after that, you also witnessed that Allah guided to repent some of them whom He wanted, for Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

O believers! Know that polytheists (Mushrikin) are unclean; therefore, do not let them come near the Masjid-al-Haram after this year’s pilgrimage. If you fear poverty, soon Allah – if He so wills – enrich you out of His bounty. Allah is All-Knowledgeable, All-Wise.
Meaning:-
Polytheist: belief in more than one god or in many gods.
Enrich: make (someone) wealthy or wealthier.
Bounty: generosity; liberality, a monetary gift or reward.

Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture – [fight] until they give the jizyah (protection tax) willingly while they are humbled.
Meaning:-
Jizyah: the poll tax formerly paid by minority religious groups within the Muslim empire.

O The Jews say: “Uzair (Azra) is the son of Allah,” and the Christians say: ” Messiah (Christ) is the son of Allah.” That is what they say with their mouths, imitating the sayings of the former unbelievers. May Allah destroy them! How perverted they are!
Meaning:-
Uzair: “sons of Allah” was used by the Jews. A sect of them called ‘Uzair a son of Allah, according to Baidhawl. In Appendix II (Sura v.) that the constitution of Judaism dates from ‘Uzair (Ezra). The Christians still call Christ the Son of Allah.
Perverted: turned from what is right; wicked; misguided; distorted.

They (Jews and Christians) have taken their rabbis and priests to be their Lords beside Allah and so they did with Messiah (Jesus) the son of Maryam (Mary), although they were commanded in the Torah and the Gospel to worship none but One Ilah (Allah); besides Whom there is none worthy of worship. Exalted be He above those whom they associate with Him.
Meaning:-
Rabbis : a title of respect for a Jewish scholar or teacher.

They desire to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths but Allah will not allow it to happen, for He seeks to perfect His light even though the disbelievers may dislike it.
Meaning:-
Extinguish: to stop a fire or a light burning:

It is He who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to manifest it over all religion, although they who associate others with Allah dislike it.
Meaning:-
Manifest: to make clear or obvious to the eye or mind or the understanding; show plainly

O believers! Indeed most of the (Jewish) rabbis and (Christian) priests misappropriate the wealth of people and hinder them from the way of Allah. To those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of Allah, proclaim a painful punishment.
Meaning:-
Rabbis: a title of respect for a Jewish scholar or teacher.
Hinder: to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit thedevelopment of something:

The Day will surely come when their treasure will be heated up in the fire of hell, and their foreheads, sides and backs branded with it. They will be told: “This is the treasure which you hoarded. Now taste what you were hoarding!”
Meaning:-
Hoard: to collect large amounts of something and keep it in a safe, often secret,

Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous [who fear Him].
Meaning:-
Sacred Months: i.e. the 1st, the 7th, the 11th and the 12th months of the Islamic calendar).
Righteous: (of a person or conduct) morally right or justifiable; virtuous, very good; excellent.

Indeed, the postponing [of restriction within sacred months] is an increase in disbelief by which those who have disbelieved are led [further] astray. They make it lawful one year and unlawful another year to correspond to the number made unlawful by Allah and [thus] make lawful what Allah has made unlawful. Made pleasing to them is the evil of their deeds; and Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.
Meaning:-
Sacred Months: i.e. the 1st, the 7th, the 11th and the 12th months of the Islamic calendar).

O you who have believed, what is [the matter] with you that, when you are told to go forth in the cause of Allah , you adhere heavily to the earth? Are you satisfied with the life of this world rather than the Hereafter? But what is the enjoyment of worldly life compared to the Hereafter except a [very] little.
Meaning:-
Adhere: to stay attached, to hold closely or firmly

If you do not go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment and will replace you with another people, and you will not harm Him at all. And Allah is over all things competent.
Meaning:-
Forth: forwards, onward or outward in place or space; forward: to come forth; go forth. onward in time, in order, or in a series

˹It does not matter˺ if you ˹believers˺ do not support him, for Allah did in fact support him when the disbelievers drove him out ˹of Mecca˺ and he was only one of two. While they both were in the cave, he reassured his companion, “Do not worry; Allah is certainly with us.” So Allah sent down His serenity upon the Prophet, supported him with forces you ˹believers˺ did not see, and made the word of the disbelievers lowest, while the Word of Allah is supreme. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.
Meaning:-
serenity: the state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.

Go forth, whether light or heavy, and strive with your wealth and your lives in the cause of Allah . That is better for you, if you only knew.
Meaning:-
Forth: forwards, onward or outward in place or space; forward: to come forth; go forth. onward in time, in order, or in a series

As for the hypocrites, if the gain would have been immediate and the journey short, they would have certainly accompanied you, but the long journey (in Tabuk expedition) was too hard for them. To justify their not accompanying you, they would even swear by Allah, “If we were able, we would certainly have marched with you.” By doing so, they are destroying their own souls, for Allah knows that they are liars.
Meaning:-
Hypocrite: a person who puts on a false appearance of virtue or religion.
Tabuk: The Battle of Tabouk (also called the Battle of Tabuk) was a military expedition, which, was initiated by Muhammad (PBUH) in October, AD 630,8 AH
Expedition: Journey, voyage, tour, a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose.

May Allah pardon you, [O Muhammad]; why did you give them permission [to remain behind]? [You should not have] until it was evident to you who were truthful and you knew [who were] the liars.

Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day will never ask you for exemption from fighting with their wealth and their persons. Allah is aware of those who are righteous.
Meaning:-
Righteous: (of a person or conduct) morally right or justifiable; virtuous, very good; excellent.

Only those people ask for exemption who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day and whose hearts are filled with doubt, and are wavering because of their doubts.

If they had intended to march forth, they would certainly have made some preparation for it; but Allah did not like their going forth; so He made them lag behind and they were told “stay behind with those who stay behind.”
Meaning:-
Lag: to move or make progress so slowly that you are behind other people or things.
forth: forwards, onward or outward in place or space; forward: to come forth; go forth. onward in time, in order, or in a series

Had they gone with you they would have added nothing but corruption, and they would have made efforts to create disorder among your ranks, and there would have been some among you who would have listened to them. Allah knows the wrongdoers.
Meaning:-
wrongdoer: a person who behaves illegally or dishonestly; an offender.

Indeed they had plotted sedition before and created disturbance to make you unsuccessful until the truth came through and the decree of Allah prevailed, even though they disliked it.
Meaning:-
Sedition: calmness; peacefulness; quiet; serenity.
Prevail: to get control or influence

There are some of them who say, “Exempt me and do not expose me to temptation.” They have already fallen into temptation. And Hell will surely engulf the disbelievers.
Meaning:-
engulf: completely surrounded, soaked, or covered. Fire, snow, smoke.

If good befalls you (O Muhammad), it grieves them, but if a calamity overtakes you, they say: “We took our precaution beforehand,” and they turn away rejoicing.
Meaning:-
Befalls: (of something bad) happen to someone, If something bad or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you.
Grieve: to feel or express great sadness, sorrow, mourn, upset, distress, pain, hurt
Calamity: an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster.
Rejoice: feel or show great joy or delight.

O Prophet, tell them: “Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has written for us; He is our protector;” and in Allah let the believers put their trust.

Further tell them: “Can you expect for us anything other than two excellent things (victory or martyrdom)? But we are waiting for Allah to afflict you with punishment either from Himself or by our hands. So wait if you will; we too are waiting.”
Meaning:-
Afflict: (of a problem or illness) cause pain or suffering to; affect or trouble.

Say, “Spend willingly or unwillingly; never will it be accepted from you. Indeed, you have been a defiantly disobedient people.”

The reasons which prevent their contributions from being accepted are: that they disbelieve in Allah and His Messenger, that they come to offer Salah ( prayer ) but reluctantly, and that they offer contributions but unwillingly.
Meaning:-
Reluctantly: not willing to do something and therefore slow to do it:

So let not their wealth or their children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through them in worldly life and that their souls should depart [at death] while they are disbelievers.

And they swear by Allah that they are from among you while they are not from among you; but they are a people who are afraid.

If they could find a refuge or some caves or any place to enter [and hide], they would turn to it while they run heedlessly.
Meaning:-
refuge: something providing shelter, asylum, protection, safety
Heedless: careless; thoughtless; unmindful

And among them are some who criticize you concerning the [distribution of] charities. If they are given from them, they approve; but if they are not given from them, at once they become angry.

It would have been better for them, if they had only been pleased with what Allah and His Messenger had given them and said: “Allah is all-sufficient to us! Soon Allah will give us of His bounty, and so will His Messenger. Indeed to Allah do we turn our hopes.”
Meaning:-
Bounty: generosity; liberality, a monetary gift or reward.

Zakah expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [zakah] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler – an obligation [imposed] by Allah . And Allah is Knowing and Wise.
Meaning:-
Zakat (Arabic: zakāt, “that which purifies”) is a form of alms-giving and religious tax in Islam, (alms means: charity, money or food given to poor people)

There are some people among them who hurt the Prophet saying: “He is one who believes everything that he hears.” Say: “It is good for you that he listens to what is best for you; he believes in Allah, has faith in the believers, and is a blessing for those of you who are true believers.” As for those who hurt the Messenger, will have a painful punishment.

They swear by Allah to you [Muslims] to satisfy you. But Allah and His Messenger are more worthy for them to satisfy, if they should be believers.

Don’t they know that anyone who opposes Allah and His Messenger shall live forever in the fire of hell? That surely is the worst humiliation.

The hypocrites fear that a sûrah should be revealed about them, exposing what is in their hearts. Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “Keep mocking! Allah will definitely bring to light what you fear.”
Meaning:-
Hypocrite: a person who puts on a false appearance of virtue or religion.
Mocking: making fun of someone or something in a cruel way, to ridicule by mimicry of action or speech.

And if you ask them, they will surely say, “We were only conversing and playing.” Say, “Is it Allah and His verses and His Messenger that you were mocking?”
Meaning:-
Mock: making fun of someone or something in a cruel way, to ridicule by mimicry of action or speech,

Make no excuses now: you have rejected faith after your belief; even if We may pardon some of you who were not serious in participating, We will punish others amongst you, because they are criminals.

The hypocrite men and hypocrite women are of one another. They enjoin what is wrong and forbid what is right and close their hands. They have forgotten Allah , so He has forgotten them [accordingly]. Indeed, the hypocrites – it is they who are the defiantly disobedient.
Meaning:-
Hypocrite: a person who puts on a false appearance of virtue or religion.
Forbid: refuse to allow (something), prohibit, not allowed, banned.

Allah has promised the hypocrite men, the hypocrite women, and the unbelievers the fire of hell to live therein forever, a sufficient recompense. Allah has cursed them and they shall have a lasting punishment.
Meaning:-
Hypocrite: a person who puts on a false appearance of virtue or religion.
Recompense: to make compensation for something; repay someone.

Your behavior is just like those who have gone before you. They were mightier than you in power and more flourishing in wealth and children. They enjoyed their portion of this worldly life; thus have you enjoyed your portion as did those before you; and you have entered into vain discourses as they did. Consequently their deeds were fruitless in this world and in the Hereafter, and they are the ones who are the losers.
Meaning:-
Vain: unsuccessful; of no value
Discourses: discussion, conversation, talk, dialogue, conference, debate.

Have they not heard the news of those who have gone before them? The people of Nuh (Noah), Ad and Thamud; the people of Ibrahim (Abraham), the men of Madyan and the cities which were overthrown. Their messengers came to them with clear warnings; but they did not listen, Allah did not wrong them, but they wronged their own souls.

The believing men and believing women are guardians of one another. They enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and establish prayer and give zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. Those – Allah will have mercy upon them. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.
Meaning:-
Forbid: refuse to allow (something), prohibit, not allowed, banned.
Zakah : is an Islamic finance term referring to the obligation that an individual has to donate a certain proportion of wealth each year to charitable causes. Zakat is a mandatory process for Muslims and is regarded as a form of worship.
Exalted: placed at a high or powerful level; held in high regard.

Allah has promised to the believers, both men and women, gardens beneath which rivers flow, to live therein forever, and they will have beautiful mansions in these gardens of everlasting bliss. Best of all, they will have the good pleasure of Allah. Now that is the highest achievement.
Meaning:-
Bliss: perfect happiness; great joy.

O Prophet! Struggle against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be firm with them. Hell will be their home. What an evil destination!
Meaning:-
Hypocrite: a person who puts on a false appearance of virtue or religion.
Firm: not weak or uncertain

They swear by Allah that they did not say [anything against the Prophet] while they had said the word of disbelief and disbelieved after their [pretense of] Islam and planned that which they were not to attain. And they were not resentful except [for the fact] that Allah and His Messenger had enriched them of His bounty. So if they repent, it is better for them; but if they turn away, Allah will punish them with a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter. And there will not be for them on earth any protector or helper.
Meaning:-
Resentful: feeling angry because you have been forced to accept someone or something that you do not like:
Bounty: generosity; liberality, a monetary gift or reward.

And there are some who had made a vow to Allah: “If He gives us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity and be of the righteous.”
Meaning:-
Vow: a serious promise.
Bounty: a large amount, a generous gift. generosity; liberality, a monetary gift or reward.
Righteous: (of a person or conduct) morally right or justifiable; virtuous, very good; excellent.

But when he gave them from His bounty, they were stingy with it and turned away while they refused.
Meaning:-
Bounty: a large amount, a generous gift. generosity; liberality, a monetary gift or reward.
stingy: unwilling to spend money, miserly, penny-pinching,

So He penalized them with hypocrisy in their hearts until the Day they will meet Him – because they failed Allah in what they promised Him and because they [habitually] used to lie.
Meaning:-
hypocrisy: a situation in which someone pretends to believe something that they do not really

Did they not know that Allah knows their secrets and their private conversations and that Allah is the Knower of the unseen?

Those who criticize the contributors among the believers concerning [their] charities and [criticize] the ones who find nothing [to spend] except their effort, so they ridicule them – Allah will ridicule them, and they will have a painful punishment.
Meaning:-
Ridicule: make fun of, speech or action intended to cause contemptuous laughter at a person or thing; derision.

O Muhammad! It is the same, whether you ask forgiveness for them or not; even if you ask for their forgiveness seventy times, Allah is not going to forgive them: because they have disbelieved Allah and His Messenger. Allah does not guide those who are transgressors.
Meaning:-
Transgressors: a person who is actually breaking the law, offend; sin.

Those who remained behind (did not join the Tabuk expedition) were delighted to sit inactive behind Allah’s Messenger, and they hated to make Jihad with their goods and their persons in the cause of Allah. They said to each other “Do not go forth in the heat.” Say to them: “The fire of hell is much more severe in heat.” If only they could understand!
Meaning:-
Tabuk: The Battle of Tabouk (also called the Battle of Tabuk) was a military expedition, which, was initiated by Muhammad in October, AD 630,8 AH
Expedition: Journey, voyage, tour, a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose.
Jihad: a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam.

So let them laugh a little—they will weep much as a reward for what they have committed.
Meaning:-
Weep: to cry tears.

From now on, if Allah brings you among them and any of them ask your permission to go forth for Jihad, say: “You shall never be allowed to go forth with me nor fight an enemy in my company. You chose to sit inactive on the first occasion, therefore you shall now stay with those who stay behind.”
Meaning:-
Jihad: a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam.

And do not pray [the funeral prayer, O Muhammad], over any of them who has died – ever – or stand at his grave. Indeed, they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died while they were defiantly disobedient.

And let not their wealth and their children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through them in this world and that their souls should depart [at death] while they are disbelievers.

Whenever a sûrah is revealed stating, “Believe in Allah and struggle along with His Messenger,” the rich among them would ask to be exempt, saying, “Leave us with those who remain behind.”

They were satisfied to be with those who stay behind, and their hearts were sealed over, so they do not understand.
Meaning:-
sealed: closed, covered.

But the Messenger (Muhammad) and those who believed with him fought with their wealth and their lives. Those will have [all that is] good, and it is those who are the successful.

Allah has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, to live therein forever: that is the greatest achievement.
Meaning:-
Beneath: below; in or to a lower place, position, underneath

Some from among the desert Arabs also came with their excuses, begging exemption to stay behind; thus, those who lied to Allah and His Messenger sat inactive. Soon a painful punishment shall seize those of them who disbelieved.

There is no blame on the disabled, the sick, and those lacking the means, to stay behind so long as they are sincere to Allah and His Messenger. There is no way (blame) against those righteous people. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
Meaning:-
Righteous: (of a person or conduct) morally right or justifiable; virtuous, very good; excellent.

Likewise, there is no blame on those who came to you and requested the conveyance to the battlefront and you said: “I am unable to provide you the conveyance,” and they returned with their eyes streaming with tears; they were filled with sorrow that they had no resources of going forth to the battlefield at their own expense.
Meaning:-
Conveyance: a means of transportation; a vehicle.

The way (blame) is only against those who begged exemption although they are rich. They preferred to be with those who remained behind. Allah has set a seal upon their hearts; so they do not know what they missed.
Meaning:-
Seal: close, cover.

They will apologize to you with all sorts of excuses when you return to them. Say: “Present no excuses: we shall not believe you: Allah has already revealed to us the whole truth about you. Now Allah and His Messenger will keep a watch over your conduct: in the end you will return to Him who knows what is hidden and what is open, and He will tell you all that you have been doing.”

They will swear by Allah to you when you return to them that you would leave them alone. So leave them alone; indeed they are evil; and their refuge is Hell as recompense for what they had been earning.
Meaning:-
refuge: something providing shelter, asylum, protection, safety

They will swear to you in order to please you, but even if you be pleased with them (accept their excuses), Allah will never be pleased with these transgressors.
Meaning:-
Transgressors: a person who is actually breaking the law, offend; sin.

The Arabs of the desert are the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and are least inclined to acknowledge the limits that Allah has revealed to his Messenger. Allah is All-Knowledgeable, All-Wise.
Meaning:-
hypocrisy: a situation in which someone pretends to believe something that they do not really
Inclined: Inclined means that you’re likely to do something, you’re leaning toward doing it, or you do it habitually.

Some of the desert Arabs look upon whatever they spend in the way of Allah as a penalty and wait for some misfortune to befall you. May misfortune befall them! Allah hears all and knows all.

But some of the desert Arabs believe in Allah and the Last Day, and look on what they spend in the way of Allah as a means of bringing them close to Allah and to the prayers of the Messenger. Indeed, closer they shall be brought: soon Allah will admit them to His mercy. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

As for the first pioneers who accepted Islam from the Muhajir (immigrants) and Ansar (supporters in Madinah) and those who follow them in good deeds, Allah is well pleased with them and they are pleased with Him. He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they shall live forever: that is the mighty achievement.
Meaning:-
Pioneer: a person who is one of the first people to do something.
Beneath: below; in or to a lower place, position, underneath

Some of the desert Arabs around you are hypocrites, and so are some of the residents of Madinah, who are fanatical in their hypocrisy. You do not know them, but We know them. Soon We shall give them double punishment: then they shall be turned to the most severe chastisement.
Meaning:-
Hypocrite (hypocrisy): a person who puts on a false appearance of virtue or religion.
Fanatical: holding extreme beliefs that may lead to unreasonable or violent behaviour:
Chastisement is the act of scolding or punishing someone, corporal punishment; a beating.

There are some who have confessed their sins: they have mixed records of good and bad deeds. It is quite possible that Allah may turn to them in mercy, for Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
Meaning:-
Confess: to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad

Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [ Allah ‘s blessings] upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
Meaning:-
Invoke: to mention something in order to explain
Invocation: is an appeal to a higher power for help,

Do they not know that it is Allah who accepts repentance from His servants and receives charities and that it is Allah who is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful?

And say, “Do [as you will], for Allah will see your deeds, and [so, will] His Messenger and the believers. And you will be returned to the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, and He will inform you of what you used to do.”

And others await Allah’s Decree, whether He will punish them or will forgive them. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

There are also those ˹hypocrites˺ who set up a mosque ˹only˺ to cause harm, promote disbelief, divide the believers, and as a base for those who had previously fought against Allah and His Messenger. They will definitely swear, “We intended nothing but good,” but Allah bears witness that they are surely liars.
Meaning:-
Hypocrite: a person who pretends to have virtues, moral or religious beliefs, principles, etc., that he or she does not actually possess.

Do not ˹O Prophet˺ ever pray in it. Certainly, a mosque founded on righteousness from the first day is more worthy of your prayers. In it are men who love to be purified. And Allah loves those who purify themselves.
Meaning:-
Righteousness is a feeling or way of life that is all about doing the right thing: righteousness shows great concern for morals and ethics.

Then is one who laid the foundation of his building on righteousness [with fear] from Allah and [seeking] His approval better or one who laid the foundation of his building on the edge of a bank about to collapse, so it collapsed with him into the fire of Hell? And Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.
Meaning:-
Righteousness is a feeling or way of life that is all about doing the right thing: righteousness shows great concern for morals and ethics.

The foundation of those who so build is never free from suspicion and shakiness in their hearts until their hearts are cut to pieces. Allah is Knowledgeable, Wise.

Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their properties [in exchange] for that they will have Paradise. They fight in the cause of Allah , so they kill and are killed. This is a true promise which is binding on Him mentioned in Taurat (Torah), the Injeel (Gospel) and the Qur’an; and who is more true in fulfilling his promise than Allah? Rejoice, therefore, in the bargain which you have made, and that is a mighty achievement.
Meaning:-
Rejoice: feel or show great joy or delight.

[Such believers are] the repentant, the worshippers, the praisers [of Allah ], the travelers [for His cause], those who bow and prostrate [in prayer], those who enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, and those who observe the limits [set by] Allah . And give good tidings to the believers.
Meaning:-
Repentant: feeling or showing regret for something said or done.
Prostrate: lying stretched out on the ground with one’s face downward, especially in reverence or submission.
Forbid: refuse to allow (something), prohibit, not allowed, banned.
Tidings: news; information

It is not proper for the Prophet and those who believe that they should beg forgiveness for the polytheists, even though they be their relatives, after it has been explained to them that they are the companions of hellfire.
Meaning:-
Polytheist: belief in more than one god or in many gods.

Ibrahim (Abraham) prayed for his father’s forgiveness only to fulfill a promise he had made to him. But when it became clear to him that he was an enemy of Allah he disassociated himself from him. The fact is that Ibrahim was tenderhearted, forbearing.
Meaning:-
Tenderhearted: soft-hearted; sympathetic
Forbearing: patient, tolerant, easygoing, lenient, forgiving, understanding,

And Allah will never lead a people astray after He has guided them until He makes clear to them as to what they should avoid. Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of everything.
Meaning:-
Astray: into error, away from the correct path or direction

Surely it is Allah to Whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. He gives life and causes to die. You have none besides Allah to protect or to help.

Allah forgave the Prophet and those Muhajir and the Ansar who stood by him in the time of distress, when some were on the point of losing heart. He turned to them in mercy. Surely to them He is Most Kind, Most Merciful.
Meaning:-
Muhajir is an Arabic word meaning immigrant.
Ansar (Arabic) “The Helpers”, “supporters”,
Distress: extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain

And to the three who were left behind, until the earth became strait to them notwithstanding its spaciousness and their souls were also straitened to them; and they knew it for certain that there was no refuge from Allah but in Him; then He turned to them (mercifully) that they might turn (to Him); surely Allah is the Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful.
Meaning:-
Refuge: something providing shelter, asylum, protection, safety

O believers! Have fear of Allah and be with those who are truthful in word and deed.

It was not [proper] for the people of Madinah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allah or that they prefer themselves over his self. That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allah , nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allah does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.
Meaning:-
Bedouin: an Arab of the desert.
Afflict: (of a problem or illness) cause pain or suffering to; affect or trouble.
Fatigue: sleepiness, drowsiness, extreme tiredness, typically resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness.
Tread: walk in a specified way.
Enrage: make very angry.
Inflict: impose something unwelcome on.
Righteous: (of a person or conduct) morally right or justifiable; virtuous, very good; excellent.
Doer : the person who does something.

Nor do they spend anything (in Allah’s Cause) – small or great – nor cross a valley, but is written to their credit, that Allah may recompense them with the best of what they used to do (i.e. Allah will reward their good deeds according to the reward of their best deeds which they did in the most perfect manner).
Meaning:-
Recompense: compensation or reward given for loss or harm suffered or effort made.

And it is not for the believers to go forth [to battle] all at once. For there should separate from every division of them a group [remaining] to obtain understanding in the religion and warn their people when they return to them that they might be cautious.
Meaning:-
cautious: careful to avoid problems or danger.

O believers! Fight the disbelievers around you and let them find firmness in you. And know that Allah is with those mindful ˹of Him˺.
Meaning:-
Firmness : solidness; being in control; strength. permanence; stability; hardness; resolution.

Whenever a Surah is revealed, some of them ask: “Whose faith from among you has increased by this?” Certainly the faith of the believers is increased and they do rejoice.
Meaning:-
Rejoice: feel or show great joy or delight.

But as for those in whose hearts is disease, it has [only] increased them in evil [in addition] to their evil. And they will have died while they are disbelievers.

Do they not see that they are tried once or twice every year (with different kinds of calamities, disease, famine? Yet they neither repent nor do they learn a lesson (from it).
Meaning:-
Calamity: an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster.
famine: a severe shortage of food, as through crop failure or disaster.
Explanation: Their hypocrisy is exposed over and over again. “every year once or twice” – Yet, in spite of their infidelity, one or two chances are given them every year. The door is not closed to them. Yet they deliberately turn away, and take no heed of all the warnings which their own nature and the teaching and example of good men should give them.

And whenever there comes down a Surah (chapter from the Quran), they look at one another (saying): “Does any one see you?” Then they turn away. Allah has turned their hearts (from the light) because they are a people that understand not.
Meaning:-
Light: Guidance, (Hidayat), wisdom.

Now, there has come to you a Messenger from among yourselves, the one who grieves at your loss and who is excessively anxious for your success in both worlds, and who is compassionate and merciful towards the believers.
Meaning:-
Grieve: to cause (someone) to feel sad or unhappy.
Excessively: to a greater degree or in greater amounts than is necessary,
Anxious: worried and nervous, very concerned.

But if they turn away, [O Muhammad], say, “Sufficient for me is Allah ; there is no deity except Him. On Him I have relied, and He is the Lord of the Great Throne.”
Meaning:-
Deity: God; Supreme Being, like a god or goddess, Fake God.